Furnace



JOSEPH H. HEDMARK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

FURNACE.

Specification of Letters ratent. Patented Apr; 11, 1922,

Application filed. December 17, 1917. SerialNo. 207,523.

+ To all 201110022, it may concern:

Be. it known that I, JOSEPH H. HEDMARK, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the countyof Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to furnaces which may be used for variouspurposes, but are particularly adapted for heating buildings or the likewhere it is desirable to operate the same with comparatively littleattention, and yet maintain a uniform heat.

The objects of this invention are to im-- prove the general constructionof furnaces;

to provide an improved form of furnace which will burn various grades ofcoal with practically perfect combustion; to provide an improved furnacein which all of the gases generated will be carried to a combustionchamber where their oxidation will be complete; to provide a furnace inwhich all the air will ordinarily be admitted above the fuel, and whichwill have passage-ways or fines arranged to balance or compensate thedraftthrough the fuel and'to the combustion chamber; and in generalto-provide such an improved construction as will be described more fullyhereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating thisinvention,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal, sectional view showing my improved furnace asarranged for a vertical tubular boiler; and,

- Fig. 2 is a front view of the same, parts being broken awayto show theinterior construction.

vention consists inthe arrangement whereby' air is admitted into a spaceabove the fuel, and. one or more flues are provided for carrying the airand gases fromxthis space to a chamber below the grates, and fiues orpassages are also preferably provided whereby some of the air and gasesmay pass directly from the space above the fuel to thecombustionchamber. In the particular form of furnace shown in these drawings, 3represents the fuel chamber or the main portion of the furnace which isprovided with grates 4 of any desired form of construction at somedistance above the bottom thereof. The fuel is inserted through thedoors 5 and 6, the former being used for starting the fire, and also forraking the grates or stirring upthe coal. The chamber 7 air drum, or thelike.- One of the principal'features of this in- 3 extends for somedistance above the door 7 6, and one or more fiues or passage-Ways 7lead from the top of this chamber to the portion 8 thereof below thegrates 4. In the arrangement shown, this flue is built in thevside wall9, but'it may be otherwise arranged if desired. The space 8 is providedw th a door 10'for cleaning out the ashes, and for admitting air whendesired. The back wall'll of the furnace has a relatively leads from thechamber 3 to a combustion chamber 13 formed-under the boilerl. A wall15'6Xt6IlClS across underneath the boiler 14., so that the gasesofcombustion pass up narrow opening or passage-way 12 which through thetubes 16 in one side 'of'the boiler to a chamber 17 at the top of theboiler, then down through the tubes 18, to a second chamber 19,from'whichtheypass out through the flue 20 formed in the'brick work 21,and from there to a pipe or stack 22. The furnace is provided with anair inlet 23 at a short distance from the top of the chamber 3, thisinlet being provided with' a draft door 24: for regulating the amount ofair admitted.

A check draft 25 is also provided which opens into the cham- 'ber 19,this draft being provided with a door-26. The doors 24 and 26 may becoi1- nected so I as to beoperated by automatic Y means in anywellfkno-wn manner, if desired.

The boiler 14. is intended to represent any suitable form of heat'generating or distributing' apparatus, as it is apparent that myimproved furnace may be utilized for heating a steamer 'hot waterboiler, or hot 9 I When a fire is first kindled or startedin the afurnace, the door24c may be closed, and the door 10 opened, so as 'togive a directdraft through the grates.

When the fireis well started, the coal or fuel may begradually addeduntil it reaches the position shown approximately by dotted lines inFig. 1.

'The door 10 is then closed, and all ofthe air necessary for combustionis admitted through thedoor 24 and the main portion of this air will godown through the coal generated from the coal or fuel will pass up intothe upper portion of the chamber gas will there be ignited, and willassist in' the combustion of the coal. If the chamber 3 is filled sothat the top of the coal or fuel reaches a point above the opening 12,it is prevented from entering the opening by a cross wall or partition27; This partition eXtends across the back of the chamber 3, and isspaced from the wall 11 so as to leave a flue or passage-way :28. Underthese circumstances, a portion of the mixed air and gases may pass downthrough the flue 28 to the opening 12, and from thence to the combustionchamber 13, where the gas is consumed and the air further assists in thecombustion of the gases coming directly from the coal through theopening 12. It will be understood, of course, that the combustion iscontinued as the gases pass up and down through the tubes of the boiler.It will be seen from this description that I provide a furnace in whichthe main down draft is equalized by an up draft through the grates sothat there is always a suflicient amount of air furnished i to completethe combustion even if the coal becomes packed or there is a stoppage ofthe draft in either direction and the draft is not apt to besufliciently violent to carry away the unburned gases. I have found inactual use, that even very poor grades of soft coal may be burned inthis furnace with practically no visible smoke after the fire is wellstarted. Furthermore, by adjusting the inlet door 24 andcheck draft 26,the fire may be kept burning at a uniform rate for many hours withoutgiving the furnace any attention. The adaptability of this furnace forburning low grade fuel, constitutes one of its particular advantages.

It will be noted that changes in the arrangement of parts and details'ofconstruction may be desired to adapt the furnace for difierentconditions, or for heating different types of'boilers, or hot airheaters, and therefore, I do not wish to limit myself to-the exactconstruction or arrange ment herein described.

-lVhz1t I claim as my invention and desire to secure 'by Letters Patentis:

1. A'furnace comprising a closed cham- 'berf.-having grates arranged atsome dis tance above'the bottom thereof, said chamber having an outletat a short distance above the grates, a combustion chamber connectedwith said-outlet, a passage-way from the upper portion of said chamberleading to the lower portion thereof below the grates, said first namedchamber having an air inlet at the upper portion thereof, and one ormore doors for putting fuel into said chamber. Y

2. A furnace having a fuel chamber with grates at some distance abovethe bottom thereof, and having an outlet at a short distance above saidgrates, a flue leading from the top of the chamber to a point below thegrates; a flue leading from the top of the chamber to said outlet, saidchamber having an air inlet arranged above the fuel line.

3. In an apparatus of the character set forth, the combination of a fuelchamber, grates arranged above the bottom of said chamber, a combustionchamber arranged adjacent to said. fuel chamber, a passageway connectingsaid chambers, and arranged a short distance above said grates, a crosswall in the back of the fuel chamber to prevent the fuel from enteringsaid passageway, and also providing a flue from the top of the chamberto said passage-way, a door for inserting fuel into the fuel chamber,and said fuel chamber having an air in let above the fuel line.

4:. In an apparatus of the character set forth, the combination of afuel chamber, grates adjacent to the bottom of said chamber forsupporting the fuel, a combustion chamber adjacent to said fuel chamber,a boiler, located in said combustion chamber, a passageway leading fromsaid fuel chamber to the combustion chamber below said boiler, a crosswall in said fuel chamber spaced from the wall through which saidpassage-way extends, said cross wall extend ing from said passageway toa point adjacent to the top of the chamber, a flue leading from the topof the chamber to a pointabove and below the grates for inserting ing a.passageway leading from above the fuel line to a chamber below thegrates,

and another passageway leading from above the fuel line back of thegrates to a -combustion chamber, substantially as described.

JOSEPH H. HEDMARK.

